The endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes is involved in which process?

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that has ribosomes is known as rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The presence of ribosomes on its surface is what distinguishes it from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The primary function of the rough ER is the synthesis and processing of proteins. Ribosomes are the molecular machines that assemble amino acids into polypeptides according to the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). As these proteins are synthesized, they enter the lumen of the rough ER, where they may undergo folding and modifications necessary for their proper function.

Additionally, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes, the rough ER is specifically tailored for producing proteins that are either secreted from the cell, incorporated into the cell's plasma membrane, or sent to an organelle. This makes the rough endoplasmic reticulum integral to the overall processes of protein and lipid synthesis.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. For instance, the storage of enzymes is better associated with organelles like the lysosomes or the Golgi apparatus. Cell division is a process that mainly involves structures such as the cytoskeleton and cent