What is a key characteristic of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus is primarily responsible for the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Once proteins are produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo critical processes that include glycosylation and the addition of other molecular groups, which can affect their function. After modification, the Golgi apparatus sorts these proteins and directs them to their appropriate destinations, either within the cell or for secretion outside the cell.

This role as a central hub for processing and distributing proteins underscores its importance in cellular function. The Golgi apparatus acts like a post office, modifying the "packages" (proteins) and making sure they are sent to the right locations, which is why its characteristic feature is centered around distribution and modification rather than functions like producing ATP, storing genetic information, or facilitating cell respiration.