Which component of the cell is involved in transporting proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

The component of the cell involved in transporting proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum is indeed vesicles. When proteins are made on the ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are often packaged into vesicles. These small membrane-bound compartments bud off from the rough ER and serve as transport vehicles, carrying the newly synthesized proteins to various destinations within the cell, such as the Golgi apparatus for further processing, modification, and sorting.

In addition to their role in protein transport, vesicles can also be involved in other functions like secretion of substances from the cell or delivery of materials to lysosomes for degradation. This highlights their importance in maintaining cellular function and communication.

Other options are not involved in the direct transport of proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum; ribosomes synthesize proteins but do not transport them, lysosomes are primarily involved in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris, and the cell wall provides structure and protection but does not play a role in protein transport.