Which process facilitates the genetic diversity seen in sexually reproducing organisms?

Fertilization is the correct choice, as it plays a crucial role in creating genetic diversity among sexually reproducing organisms. During fertilization, the genetic material from two parents combines to form a new organism. This process involves the fusion of gametes – sperm and egg – which each carry unique genetic information.

When these gametes combine, they create a zygote with a new genetic makeup distinct from either parent. This mixing of parental genes introduces variations in traits, which is essential for evolution and adaptation within populations. The genetic diversity generated through fertilization enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop different characteristics, some of which may provide advantages in changing environments.

In contrast, processes like asexual reproduction and fission lead to offspring that are genetically identical to the parent, and sporulation generally results in the production of spores that can develop into new organisms but does not enhance genetic diversity in the same way. Thus, fertilization is key to facilitating genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.