Which process involves a new organism growing out of the body of a parent organism?

The process of budding is characterized by the development of a new organism that forms as an outgrowth from the parent organism. This method of asexual reproduction allows the new bud to grow and eventually detach from the parent to become an independent organism. Examples of organisms that reproduce through budding include hydra and certain fungi.

In contrast, sporulation involves the formation of spores, which are specialized reproductive cells that can give rise to new individuals under suitable conditions. Fission is a process where a parent organism divides into two or more individual organisms, commonly seen in bacteria and some protozoa. Hence, while all these processes relate to reproduction, they do not specifically describe the phenomenon of a new organism growing directly from the body of a parent organism as budding does.